How do agentic RAG agents handle irrelevant retrieval results?

Agentic RAG agents evaluate retrieved documents and iteratively re-query or rewrite prompts if results are irrelevant.

Agent strategies:

1. Relevance scoring: Agent uses an LLM to score whether retrieved documents answer the original query. If scores fall below a threshold, the agent re-queries with different search terms.

2. Query rewriting: If retrieval fails, the agent reframes the question. Example:

  • Original: “What is our Q4 supply chain resilience?”
  • Rewritten: “Which suppliers had >10 days delivery delays in October–December?”

3. Multi-step iteration: Agent chains retrievals. If the first retrieval finds related documents, the agent uses those results to inform a second, more targeted query.

4. Fallback strategies: If vector search returns sparse results, the agent switches to metadata filtering, keyword search, or broader semantic queries.

5. Metadata constraints: Agent applies dynamic metadata filters (date ranges, document types, source systems) to prune irrelevant results before generation.

This iterative loop is why low-latency retrieval matters—agents need multiple round-trips to Milvus without blocking user response times.

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