Avaliação com Ragas

Este guia demonstra como utilizar o Ragas para avaliar um pipeline Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) baseado no Milvus.

O sistema RAG combina um sistema de recuperação com um modelo generativo para gerar um novo texto com base num determinado pedido. O sistema começa por recuperar documentos relevantes de um corpus utilizando o Milvus e, em seguida, utiliza um modelo generativo para gerar novo texto com base nos documentos recuperados.

O Ragas é um quadro que ajuda a avaliar as condutas RAG. Existem ferramentas e estruturas que ajudam a construir estas condutas, mas avaliá-las e quantificar o seu desempenho pode ser difícil. É aqui que entra o Ragas (Avaliação RAG).

Pré-requisitos

Antes de executar este notebook, certifique-se de ter as seguintes dependências instaladas:

$ pip install --upgrade pymilvus openai requests tqdm pandas ragas

Neste exemplo, vamos utilizar o OpenAI como LLM. Você deve preparar a chave api OPENAI_API_KEY como uma variável de ambiente.

import os

os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "sk-***********"

Definir o pipeline do RAG

Vamos definir a classe RAG que usa o Milvus como armazenamento de vectores e o OpenAI como LLM. A classe contém o método load, que carrega os dados de texto no Milvus, o método retrieve, que recupera os dados de texto mais semelhantes à pergunta dada, e o método answer, que responde à pergunta dada com o conhecimento recuperado.

from typing import List
from tqdm import tqdm
from openai import OpenAI
from pymilvus import MilvusClient


class RAG:
    """
    RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) class built upon OpenAI and Milvus.
    """

    def __init__(self, openai_client: OpenAI, milvus_client: MilvusClient):
        self._prepare_openai(openai_client)
        self._prepare_milvus(milvus_client)

    def _emb_text(self, text: str) -> List[float]:
        return (
            self.openai_client.embeddings.create(input=text, model=self.embedding_model)
            .data[0]
            .embedding
        )

    def _prepare_openai(
        self,
        openai_client: OpenAI,
        embedding_model: str = "text-embedding-3-small",
        llm_model: str = "gpt-3.5-turbo",
    ):
        self.openai_client = openai_client
        self.embedding_model = embedding_model
        self.llm_model = llm_model
        self.SYSTEM_PROMPT = """
Human: You are an AI assistant. You are able to find answers to the questions from the contextual passage snippets provided.
"""
        self.USER_PROMPT = """
Use the following pieces of information enclosed in <context> tags to provide an answer to the question enclosed in <question> tags.
<context>
{context}
</context>
<question>
{question}
</question>
"""

    def _prepare_milvus(
        self, milvus_client: MilvusClient, collection_name: str = "rag_collection"
    ):
        self.milvus_client = milvus_client
        self.collection_name = collection_name
        if self.milvus_client.has_collection(self.collection_name):
            self.milvus_client.drop_collection(self.collection_name)
        embedding_dim = len(self._emb_text("foo"))
        self.milvus_client.create_collection(
            collection_name=self.collection_name,
            dimension=embedding_dim,
            metric_type="IP",  # Inner product distance
            consistency_level="Strong",  # Strong consistency level
        )

    def load(self, texts: List[str]):
        """
        Load the text data into Milvus.
        """
        data = []
        for i, line in enumerate(tqdm(texts, desc="Creating embeddings")):
            data.append({"id": i, "vector": self._emb_text(line), "text": line})

        self.milvus_client.insert(collection_name=self.collection_name, data=data)

    def retrieve(self, question: str, top_k: int = 3) -> List[str]:
        """
        Retrieve the most similar text data to the given question.
        """
        search_res = self.milvus_client.search(
            collection_name=self.collection_name,
            data=[self._emb_text(question)],
            limit=top_k,
            search_params={"metric_type": "IP", "params": {}},  # Inner product distance
            output_fields=["text"],  # Return the text field
        )
        retrieved_texts = [res["entity"]["text"] for res in search_res[0]]
        return retrieved_texts[:top_k]

    def answer(
        self,
        question: str,
        retrieval_top_k: int = 3,
        return_retrieved_text: bool = False,
    ):
        """
        Answer the given question with the retrieved knowledge.
        """
        retrieved_texts = self.retrieve(question, top_k=retrieval_top_k)
        user_prompt = self.USER_PROMPT.format(
            context="\n".join(retrieved_texts), question=question
        )
        response = self.openai_client.chat.completions.create(
            model=self.llm_model,
            messages=[
                {"role": "system", "content": self.SYSTEM_PROMPT},
                {"role": "user", "content": user_prompt},
            ],
        )
        if not return_retrieved_text:
            return response.choices[0].message.content
        else:
            return response.choices[0].message.content, retrieved_texts

Vamos inicializar a classe RAG com os clientes OpenAI e Milvus.

openai_client = OpenAI()
milvus_client = MilvusClient(uri="./milvus_demo.db")

my_rag = RAG(openai_client=openai_client, milvus_client=milvus_client)

Executar o pipeline RAG e obter resultados

Utilizamos o guia de desenvolvimento do Milvus para ser o conhecimento privado no nosso RAG, que é uma boa fonte de dados para um pipeline RAG simples.

Descarregue-o e carregue-o no pipeline RAG.

import os
import urllib.request

url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/milvus-io/milvus/master/DEVELOPMENT.md"
file_path = "./Milvus_DEVELOPMENT.md"

if not os.path.exists(file_path):
    urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, file_path)
with open(file_path, "r") as file:
    file_text = file.read()

# We simply use "# " to separate the content in the file, which can roughly separate the content of each main part of the markdown file.
text_lines = file_text.split("# ")
my_rag.load(text_lines)  # Load the text data into RAG pipeline

Creating embeddings: 100%|██████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 47/47 [00:16<00:00,  2.80it/s]

Vamos definir uma pergunta de consulta sobre o conteúdo da documentação do guia de desenvolvimento. E, em seguida, usar o método answer para obter a resposta e os textos de contexto recuperados.

question = "what is the hardware requirements specification if I want to build Milvus and run from source code?"
my_rag.answer(question, return_retrieved_text=True)

('The hardware requirements specification to build and run Milvus from source code is 8GB of RAM and 50GB of free disk space.',
 ['Hardware Requirements\n\nThe following specification (either physical or virtual machine resources) is recommended for Milvus to build and run from source code.\n\n```\n- 8GB of RAM\n- 50GB of free disk space\n```\n\n##',
  'Building Milvus on a local OS/shell environment\n\nThe details below outline the hardware and software requirements for building on Linux and MacOS.\n\n##',
  "Software Requirements\n\nAll Linux distributions are available for Milvus development. However a majority of our contributor worked with Ubuntu or CentOS systems, with a small portion of Mac (both x86_64 and Apple Silicon) contributors. If you would like Milvus to build and run on other distributions, you are more than welcome to file an issue and contribute!\n\nHere's a list of verified OS types where Milvus can successfully build and run:\n\n- Debian/Ubuntu\n- Amazon Linux\n- MacOS (x86_64)\n- MacOS (Apple Silicon)\n\n##"])

Agora, vamos preparar algumas perguntas com as respectivas respostas verdadeiras. Obtemos respostas e contextos do nosso pipeline RAG.

from datasets import Dataset
import pandas as pd

question_list = [
    "what is the hardware requirements specification if I want to build Milvus and run from source code?",
    "What is the programming language used to write Knowhere?",
    "What should be ensured before running code coverage?",
]
ground_truth_list = [
    "If you want to build Milvus and run from source code, the recommended hardware requirements specification is:\n\n- 8GB of RAM\n- 50GB of free disk space.",
    "The programming language used to write Knowhere is C++.",
    "Before running code coverage, you should make sure that your code changes are covered by unit tests.",
]
contexts_list = []
answer_list = []
for question in tqdm(question_list, desc="Answering questions"):
    answer, contexts = my_rag.answer(question, return_retrieved_text=True)
    contexts_list.append(contexts)
    answer_list.append(answer)

df = pd.DataFrame(
    {
        "question": question_list,
        "contexts": contexts_list,
        "answer": answer_list,
        "ground_truth": ground_truth_list,
    }
)
rag_results = Dataset.from_pandas(df)
df

Answering questions: 100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 3/3 [00:03<00:00,  1.29s/it]

Avaliação com Ragas

Usamos o Ragas para avaliar o desempenho dos resultados do nosso pipeline RAG.

O Ragas fornece um conjunto de métricas que é fácil de usar. Usamos Answer relevancy, Faithfulness, Context recall e Context precision como métricas para avaliar nosso pipeline RAG. Para mais informações sobre as métricas, consulte as Métricas Ragas.

from ragas import evaluate
from ragas.metrics import (
    answer_relevancy,
    faithfulness,
    context_recall,
    context_precision,
)

result = evaluate(
    rag_results,
    metrics=[
        answer_relevancy,
        faithfulness,
        context_recall,
        context_precision,
    ],
)

result

Evaluating:   0%|          | 0/12 [00:00<?, ?it/s]





{'answer_relevancy': 0.9445, 'faithfulness': 1.0000, 'context_recall': 1.0000, 'context_precision': 1.0000}