创建外部 CollectionsCompatible with Milvus 3.0.x

外部 Collections 是 Milvus 中的一种数据收集类型，可访问外部存储系统或数据库表（如 AWS S3 和 Iceberg）中的数据，而无需将其复制到 Milvus 中。它充当数据湖的查询层，同时保持与 Milvus 查询接口的兼容性。

概述

在典型的人工智能数据管道中，用户可能已经在 AWS S3 等存储系统上以 Parquet 或其他格式存储了数据。要让 Milvus 使用这些外部存储的数据，用户通常需要使用提取-转换-加载（ETL）管道将其导入 Milvus 自己的存储系统。

这种将数据导入 Milvus 的工作流程会产生难以同步的冗余数据，并增加确保数据一致性的工程维护负担。

将数据引入计算工作流程

为了解决这些问题，Milvus 提供外部 Collections，让您从 Milvus 访问外部存储的数据，而无需担心数据同步和 ETL 管道。

将计算带入数据工作流

外部 Collections 创建后，可直接访问您的数据，并将其保存在您存储数据的相同位置。在后台，Milvus 会创建清单文件，记录 Milvus 元数据与外部数据文件中的行之间的映射关系。清单文件准备就绪后，你可以像在任何管理 Collections 中一样，在外部 Collections 中创建索引。

当数据发生变化时，手动触发次秒级刷新即可更新元数据，使 Milvus 始终保持最新状态。

第 1 步：创建 Schema

与创建管理 Collections 一样，在创建外部 Collections 之前也需要创建模式。不过，模式与管理 Collections 略有不同。

from pymilvus import MilvusClient, DataType

schema = MilvusClient.create_schema(
    external_source='s3://s3.<region-id>.amazonaws.com/<bucket>/',
    external_spec='{
        "format": "parquet",
        "extfs": {
            ...
        }
    }'
)

import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import io.milvus.v2.service.collection.request.CreateCollectionReq;

JsonObject externalSpec = new JsonObject();
externalSpec.addProperty("format", "parquet");
externalSpec.add("extfs", new JsonObject());

CreateCollectionReq.CollectionSchema schema = CreateCollectionReq.CollectionSchema.builder()
        .externalSource("s3://s3.<region-id>.amazonaws.com/<bucket>/")
        .externalSpec(externalSpec)
        .build();

import (
    "github.com/milvus-io/milvus/client/v2/entity"
    client "github.com/milvus-io/milvus/client/v2/milvusclient"
)

schema := entity.NewSchema().
    WithName("product_embeddings").
    WithExternalSource("s3://my-bucket/embeddings/").
    WithExternalSpec(`{"format": "parquet", "extfs": { ... }}`)

// node

export fields='[
        {
            "fieldName": "product_id",
            "dataType": "Int64",
            "isPrimary": true
        },
        {
            "fieldName": "embedding",
            "dataType": "FloatVector",
            "elementTypeParams": {
                "dim": "768"
            }
        },
        {
            "fieldName": "product_name",
            "dataType": "VarChar",
            "elementTypeParams": {
                "max_length": 512
            }
        }
    ]'

要为外部 Collections 创建模式，需要指定源数据 URI、数据格式和身份验证设置。

{
    "format": "...",
    "extfs": {
        "access_key_id":     "AKIA..",
        "access_key_value":  "u4Lh...",
        "region":            "us-west-2",
        "cloud_provider":    "aws",
        "use_ssl":           "true",
        "use_virtual_host":  "true"
    }
}

{
    "format": "...",
    "extfs": {
        "use_iam":           "true",
        "iam_endpoint":      "https://sts.<region>.amazonaws.com",
        "region":            "us-west-2",
        "cloud_provider":    "aws",
        "use_ssl":           "true"
    }
}

{
    "format": "...",
    "extfs": {
        "storage_type": "remote"
    }
}

{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:ListBucket",
                "s3:GetBucketLocation"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::SOURCE-DATA-BUCKET"
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:GetObject",
                "s3:PutObject",
                "s3:DeleteObject"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::SOURCE-DATA-BUCKET/*"
        }
    ]
}

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {
        "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::ACCOUNT_RUNNING_MILVUS:root"
      },
      "Action": "sts:AssumeRole",
      "Condition": {
        "StringEquals": {
          "sts:ExternalId": "YOUR_UNIQUE_EXTERNAL_ID"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

{
    "format": "...",
    "extfs": {
        "cloud_provider": "aws",
        "region": "us-west-2",
        "storage_type": "remote",
        "use_ssl": "true",
        "use_iam": "true",
        "role_arn": "arn:aws:iam::306787000000:role/lentitude-bucket-role",
        "external_id": "YOUR_UNIQUE_EXTERNAL_ID",
        "load_frequency": "900"
    }
}

第 2 步：添加字段

Schema 准备就绪后，就可以按如下步骤添加字段：

schema.add_field(
    field_name="product_id",
    datatype=DataType.INT64,
    # highlight-next
    external_field="id" # field name in the external data file
)
schema.add_field(
    field_name="product_name",
    datatype=DataType.VARCHAR,
    max_length=512,
    # highlight-next
    external_field="name"
)
schema.add_field(
    field_name="embedding",
    datatype=DataType.FLOAT_VECTOR,
    dim=768,
    # highlight-next
    external_field="vector"
)

import io.milvus.v2.common.DataType;
import io.milvus.v2.service.collection.request.AddFieldReq;

schema.addField(AddFieldReq.builder()
        .fieldName("product_id")
        .dataType(DataType.Int64)
        .externalField("id")
        .build());
schema.addField(AddFieldReq.builder()
        .fieldName("product_name")
        .dataType(DataType.VarChar)
        .maxLength(512)
        .externalField("name")
        .build());
schema.addField(AddFieldReq.builder()
        .fieldName("embedding")
        .dataType(DataType.FloatVector)
        .dimension(768)
        .externalField("vector")
        .build());

import (
    "github.com/milvus-io/milvus/client/v2/entity"
    client "github.com/milvus-io/milvus/client/v2/milvusclient"
)

schema = schema.
    WithField(
        entity.NewField().
            WithName("product_id").
            WithDataType(entity.FieldTypeInt64).
            WithExternalField("id"),
    ).
    WithField(
        entity.NewField().
            WithName("product_name").
            WithDataType(entity.FieldTypeVarChar).
            WithMaxLength(512).
            WithExternalField("name"),
    ).
    WithField(
        entity.NewField().
            WithName("embedding").
            WithDataType(entity.FieldTypeFloatVector).
            WithDim(768).
            WithExternalField("vector"),
    )

// node

export schema="{
    \"externalSource\": \"volume://my_volume/path/to/a/folder\",
    \"externalSpec\": \"{\\\"format\\\": \\\"parquet\\\"}\",
    \"fields\": $fields
}"

第 3 步：创建 Collections

将所有字段添加到 Schema 后，就可以创建外部 Collections 了。

client = MilvusClient(
    uri="http://localhost:19530",
    token="root:Milvus"
)

client.create_collection(
    collection_name="test_collection",
    schema=schema
)

import io.milvus.v2.client.ConnectConfig;
import io.milvus.v2.client.MilvusClientV2;

ConnectConfig connectConfig = ConnectConfig.builder()
        .uri("http://localhost:19530")
        .token("root:Milvus")
        .build();

MilvusClientV2 client = new MilvusClientV2(connectConfig);

CreateCollectionReq createReq = CreateCollectionReq.builder()
        .collectionName("test_collection")
        .collectionSchema(schema)
        .build();
client.createCollection(createReq);

import (
    "github.com/milvus-io/milvus/client/v2/entity"
    client "github.com/milvus-io/milvus/client/v2/milvusclient"
)

ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
defer cancel()

milvusAddr := "http://localhost:19530"
token := "root:Milvus"

client, err := milvusclient.New(ctx, &milvusclient.ClientConfig{
    Address: milvusAddr,
    APIKey: token
})

err = client.CreateCollection(ctx, milvusclient.NewCreateCollectionOption("test_collection", schema))

if err != nil {
    fmt.Println(err.Error())
    // handle error
}

// node

curl --request POST \
--url "${PROJECT_ENDPOINT}/v2/vectordb/collections/create" \
--header "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--header "Request-Timeout: 10" \
-d "{
    \"dbName\": \"my_database\",
    \"collectionName\": \"test_collection\",
    \"schema\": $schema
}"

第 4 步：创建索引

您可以像在管理集合中一样为外部集合列创建索引。

index_params = client.prepare_index_params()
# Add indexes
index_params.add_index(
    field_name="embedding",
    index_type="AUTOINDEX",
    metric_type="COSINE"
)
index_params.add_index(
    field_name="product_name",
    index_type="AUTOINDEX"
)
client.create_index(
    db_name="my_database",
    collection_name="test_collection",
    index_params=index_params
)

import io.milvus.v2.common.IndexParam;
import io.milvus.v2.service.index.request.CreateIndexReq;
import java.util.*;

IndexParam indexParamForIdField = IndexParam.builder()
        .fieldName("product_name")
        .indexType(IndexParam.IndexType.AUTOINDEX)
        .build();
IndexParam indexParamForVectorField = IndexParam.builder()
        .fieldName("embedding")
        .indexType(IndexParam.IndexType.AUTOINDEX)
        .metricType(IndexParam.MetricType.COSINE)
        .build();
List<IndexParam> indexParams = new ArrayList<>();
indexParams.add(indexParamForIdField);
indexParams.add(indexParamForVectorField);
CreateIndexReq createIndexReq = CreateIndexReq.builder()
        .dbName("my_database")
        .collectionName("test_collection")
        .indexParams(indexParams)
        .build();
client.createIndex(createIndexReq);

import (
    "github.com/milvus-io/milvus/client/v2/entity"
    "github.com/milvus-io/milvus/client/v2/index"
    "github.com/milvus-io/milvus/client/v2/milvusclient"
)

collectionName := "test_collection"
indexOptions := []milvusclient.CreateIndexOption{
    milvusclient.NewCreateIndexOption(collectionName, "embedding", index.NewAutoIndex(entity.COSINE)),
    milvusclient.NewCreateIndexOption(collectionName, "product_name", index.NewAutoIndex(index.AUTOINDEX)),
}
indexTask, err := client.CreateIndex(ctx, indexOptions)
if err != nil {
    // handler err
}
err = indexTask.Await(ctx)
if err != nil {
    // handler err
}

client.createIndex({
    db_name: "my_database",
    collection_name: "test_collection",
    field_name: "product_name",
    index_type: "AUTOINDEX"
})
client.createIndex({
    db_name: "my_database",
    collection_name: "test_collection",
    field_name: "embedding",
    index_type: "AUTOINDEX",
    metric_type: "COSINE"
})

export indexParams='[
        {
            "fieldName": "embedding",
            "indexName": "my_vector",
            "indexType": "AUTOINDEX"
        },
        {
            "fieldName": "product_name",
            "indexName": "my_id",
            "indexType": "AUTOINDEX"
        }
    ]'

curl --request POST \
--url "${PROJECT_ENDPOINT}/v2/vectordb/indexes/create" \
--header "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--header "Request-Timeout: 10" \
-d "{
    \"dbName\": \"my_database\",
    \"collectionName\": \"test_collection\",
    \"indexParams\": $indexParams
}"

第 5 步：刷新数据

集合准备就绪后，刷新集合，为数据创建元数据和索引。

job_id = client.refresh_external_collection(
    db_name="my_database",
    collection_name="test_collection"
)
while True:
    progress = client.get_refresh_external_collection_progress(job_id=job_id)
    print(f"  {progress.state}: {progress.progress}%")
    if progress.state == "RefreshCompleted":
        elapsed = progress.end_time - progress.start_time
        print(f"  Completed in {elapsed}ms")
        break
    elif progress.state == "RefreshFailed":
        print(f"  Failed: {progress.reason}")
        break
    time.sleep(2)

import io.milvus.v2.service.utility.request.GetRefreshExternalCollectionProgressReq;
import io.milvus.v2.service.utility.request.ListRefreshExternalCollectionJobsReq;
import io.milvus.v2.service.utility.request.RefreshExternalCollectionReq;
import io.milvus.v2.service.utility.response.GetRefreshExternalCollectionProgressResp;
import io.milvus.v2.service.utility.response.ListRefreshExternalCollectionJobsResp;
import io.milvus.v2.service.utility.response.RefreshExternalCollectionJobInfo;
import io.milvus.v2.service.utility.response.RefreshExternalCollectionResp;

while (true) {
    GetRefreshExternalCollectionProgressResp resp = client.getRefreshExternalCollectionProgress(
            GetRefreshExternalCollectionProgressReq.builder()
                    .jobId(jobId)
                    .build());
    RefreshExternalCollectionJobInfo jobInfo = resp.getJobInfo();
    if ("RefreshCompleted".equals(jobInfo.getState())) {
        long elapsed = jobInfo.getEndTime() - jobInfo.getStartTime();
        System.out.printf("  Refresh completed in %dms%n", elapsed);
        break;
    } else if ("RefreshFailed".equals(jobInfo.getState())) {
        System.out.printf("  Refresh failed: %s%n", jobInfo.getReason());
    }
    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
}

refreshResult, err := client.RefreshExternalCollection(ctx,
    client.NewRefreshExternalCollectionOption("test_collection"))
jobID := refreshResult.JobID
for {
    progress, _ := client.GetRefreshExternalCollectionProgress(ctx,
        client.NewGetRefreshExternalCollectionProgressOption(jobID))
    fmt.Printf("State: %s\n", progress.State)
    if progress.State == entity.RefreshStateCompleted {
        fmt.Println("Refresh completed!")
        break
    }
    if progress.State == entity.RefreshStateFailed {
        fmt.Printf("Refresh failed: %s\n", progress.Reason)
        break
    }
    time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
}

// node

curl --request POST \
--url "${PROJECT_ENDPOINT}/v2/vectordb/jobs/external_collection/refresh" \
--header "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--header "Request-Timeout: 10" \
-d "{
    \"dbName\": \"my_database\",
    \"collectionName\": \"test_collection\",
    \"externalSource\": \"volume://my_volume/path/to/a/folder\",
    \"externalSpec\": \"{\\\"format\\\": \\\"parquet\\\"}\"
}"

刷新操作是异步的，因此需要设置一个迭代来监控其进度。

后续操作

刷新外部集合后，您可以加载和释放集合，并像在任何管理集合中一样在外部集合中执行相似性搜索和查询，但用于按需计算的数据库中的集合必须附加到按需集群上才能进行搜索和查询。

在进行搜索、查询、获取和混合搜索等 DQL 操作前，需要创建会话以附加按需群集的计算资源。